The main battle tank BM «Oplot» is a combat tracked vehicle having the powerful armament, reliable protection and high mobility

The tank is designed to defeat all types of ground (surface) targets by fire as well as targets low-flying at low speeds under conditions of enemy fire counteraction

The solution of wide range of combat tasks is possible under different climatic, meteorological and road conditions in the range of environment temperatures from minus 40 °С to plus 55 °С, relative air humidity up to 98% at temperature plus 25°С. The altitude range – up to 3000 m above sea level, dustiness of air – occurring in actual operation

When fired from the gun KBА2 of 120mm caliber of the moving or stationary tank, the missile is intended to destroy the following:

· objects, having combined, separated or solid armour;

· armoured targets such as armoured transporters;

· helicopters.

Control system is semiautomatic, ensuring teleorientation in the beam of the quantum generator with wave length l = 1.06 µ, tracked by the gunner from the control panel of the sight.

Active and passive interference resistance is provided.

Weight	33 kg
Method of transportation and storage in the tank	in standard compartment for ammunition
Range of fire in the guided mode	500 to 5,000 m
Flight time at maximum distance	17.5 sec
Hit probability at distances
- up to 4,000 m	0.9
- 4,000 - 5,000 m	0.8
Rate of fire without throw-over of the line of firing	2 to 3 shots/min

Anti-aircraft machine gun mount

Anti-aircraft machine gun mount (ЗПУ) is designed to protect the tank against air destruction and it is an additional aid for the battle against light armored ground targets.

Type	Stand-alone, closed,
Control	Remote
Control mode	automatic (stabilized) and semi-automatic
Grade	NSVT-12,7 or KT-12,7
Caliber, mm.	12,7
Feeding	Belt-type
Number of cartridges in the belt, pcs.	150
Rate of fire, round./min.	700 … 800
Combat rate of fire, round/min.	до 150
Method of fire	Remote electric triggering
Firing conditions	From stationary position, on move
Sight	PNK-5(in mode «Automatic»), PZU-7 (in mode «Semi-automatic)
Angles of vertical development up to dead stops, dgr:
Elevation	71+2
deflection	minus 6+1
Horizontal sector of firing with allowance for electronic limitation relative to course, dgr	±75° (together with turret – 360°)

Anti-aircraft machine gun mount

Machine gun

Type	Coaxial with gun
Grade	PKT or KT-7,62
Caliber, mm	7,62
Rate of fire, round./min	700 … 800
Combat rate of fire, round./min.	до 250
Feeding	Belt-type
Number of cartridges in belt, pcs.	250
Method of firing	Remote electric triggering

Autoloader

Autoloader is a mechanism designed for automatic loading of the gun by any type of a projectile and consisting of a conveyor, autoloader and control system. It is hull-located in armoured compartment.

Bustle-mounted conveyor

Type	Electrical-and-mechanical
Modes of operation	Automatic, semi-automatic, manual
Number of rounds accommodated in the conveyor	22
Conveyor rotation	In either direction
Minimum duration of one round loading (if conveyor turns through one-two steps):	6.5-7 seconds
Maximum duration of one round loading (if conveyor turns through half of its complete turn):	10-12 seconds

Hull-located loading system

Type	Electrical-and-mechanical
Conveyor rotation	In one direction (clockwise)
Conveyor capacity	16 rounds
Method of feeding a round into the bustle-mounted conveyor or into the main gun	Manual

Location of МЗ in tank

МЗ on turret

Autoloader control system in the tank is designed for:

- controlling the operation of mechanical and hydraulic M3 assemblies;

- controlling firing circuits for firing main gun and machine gun;

- storing the information on types of rounds loaded in the M3 conveyor.

Controls and blocks of Control system

integrated gun-and-fire control system (GFCS)

Continuous operation time with preservation of technical characteristics	6 hr (in combat conditions is not limited)
Time for preparation of GFCS for operation, max	3.0 min
Time for preparation of one round
While static	10 … 12 sec
On the move	10 … 15 sec

Sighting system

1G46М day gunner sight

Type	Optical viewfinder with two-plain independent field of view stabilisation, quantum range finder and missile control laser channel
Magnification	2.7…12
Field of view	4…20 degrees
Aiming angles of the stabilised line of vision:
In elevation	-15 … +20 degrees
In azimuth	± (7 … 9) degrees
With the turret	360 degrees
Line of vision guidance speed:
In elevation
Minimum	0.05 degrees/sec
Smooth guidance	From 0.05 to 1.0 degrees/sec
Maximum	3.0 degrees/sec
In azimuth:
Minimum	0.05 degrees/sec
Smooth guidance	From 0.05 to 1.0 degrees/sec
Maximum	3.0 degrees/sec
Laser range finder:
 range of taken distance	400…9900 m
- error	±10 m

Night Thermal-imaging gunner sight „Buran-Katrin-E”

It is designed for observation, detection, recognition and identification of targets and provision of the gun and the machine-gun aimed fire under all operation conditions. Provides doubling of commander firing.

Type	TI, monocular (with integrated micromonitor)
Spectrum range of waves, mkm	8…12
Operational Field of view, ⁰.:
- wide field of view	9 ´ 6.75
- narrow field of view	3 ´ 2.25
- electronic magnification	1,5 ´ 1.12
Operational Distance, m, not less:
Distance of detection
In narrow field of view	12000
In wide field of view	5000
Distance of Detection:	3500
Distance of Identification:	2300

Commander’s sight system PNK-5 (with sight TKN-5)

It is designed for observation, detection, recognition and identification of targets and provision of the gun and the machine-gun aimed fire in an override mode of fire control by the commander under all operation conditions, designating the target as well as firing the anti-aircraft mount.

Sight ТКN-5

Type	Combined (day-and-night), optoelectronic, passive, periscope, binocular, with laser rangefinder
Day unity-vision channel:
magnification	1
view field, degree., minimum
in elevation	7°15´
in azimuth	27°40´
Day magnified channel:
magnification	8
view field, degree., minimum	7
Night channel:
magnification	5.8
view field, degree., minimum	6.8
Range of vision at low level illumination (3…5)·10^-3lux, m, minimum	800
Range of vision through a day channel of meteorological range of vision of minimum 10000m, m, not less than	4000
Speed of the sight line guidance, degree/s
Minimum, not more than	0,05
smooth guidance	1 … 3
Quick traverse	16 … 24
Range of ranges being measured with laser rangefinder, m	400 … 5000
Maximum measurement error, m	± 10
Range of adjusting the side lead angles, angular min	± 60

Anti-aircraft mount sight

Model	PZU-7
Type	Optical, monocular, periscope, with rotary head
Magnification factor	1.2
Static view field angle in vertical and horizontal planes, degree	50
Guidance mode	Remote, electrically-operated

Gun stabilizer

Gun stabilizer provides stabilization and stabilized guidance of the gun in elevation and azimuth.

Type	2E42М
Elevation guidance drive	Electro-hydraulic
Azimuth guidance drive	Electro-mechanical
Average error of stabilization, mrad:
 in elevation	0.3
 in azimuth	0.4
Aiming speeds of the gun, deg/s
 in elevation:
minimum, not more than	0,05
Aiming	0,05…1
 in azimuth:
minimum, not more than	0,05
Aiming	0,05…1
quick traverse	35…40

Guided missile system

Guided missile system is designed for providing tank gun effective firing through the built-in-gunner-sight laser channel for guiding the missile.

Guided round	3UBК14, 3UBК20, ТАКО 621
Type of warhead	hollow-charge
Missile guiding system	Semi-automatic, by the laser beam
Maximum range of firing, m	5000

Fire control system

Type

Automatic, providing lead coordinates with consideration for various factors of fire condition deviations from normal, using the ballistic computer and providing the mode of override firing from the commander’s station

Time for changing from stowing into combat condition for firing the artillery projectiles, min

2 … 3

Time for changing from combat into stowing condition, s

Tank ballistic computer LIO-V

Type

Analog-digital, with the built-in control system and digital parameter inquiry, automatic adjustment of aiming and leading angles for all the types of projectiles and co-axial machine-gun considering topometeoballistic parameters influencing on the firing accuracy

Parameters automatically considered by the computer

Target range, tank self-movement, target speed, side wind speed, gun trunnion axis roll, elevation and azimuth guidance target angle speed, target elevation angle, course target angle tank speeds, initial jump speed of projectile

Parameters entered manually

Air temperature, charge temperature, initial speed deviations due to scattering the charges, atmospheric pressure, tube wear, individual jump angle

Tank computer input data sensors

Roll sensor

Designed for measuring the position of the gun trunnion axis and inputing the relevant data in the tank computer.

Range of trunnion axis roll angles under measurement, deg. Minimum	± 15
Error of measurement, deg. maximum	0.5

Wind sensor

Designed for measuring the wind speed considering its direction and inputting the relevant data in the tank computer.

Type	capacitive
Model	DVЕ-BS
Range of measuring the transverse wind speed component, m/s, maximum	20
Error of measurement, m/s	±1

Tank speed sensor

Designed for changing the speed of the tank proper and inputting the relevant data in the tank computer.

Range of measuring the tank speed, km/h, minimum	±75
Error of measurement, km/h, maximum	0.5

Turret position sensor

Designed for measuring the angular position of the turret relatively the tank hull (course angle) and inputting the adequate data in the tank computer.

Range of measuring the angular position of the tank turret, degree, minimum	360
Error of measurement, deg, maximum	1

BALLISTIC PROTECTION

Armor protection

Type	anti-projectile, combined, multi-layer, against HEAT and AP projectiles hitting (with provision for mounting the dynamic protection complex)

Explosive reactive armor (ERA)

ERA kit is designed for improving the tank protection level from HEAT and AP projectiles.

The armor protection with ERA provides the protection against:

- hand anti-tank grenades, hand-held and heavy grenade launcher and recoilless gun projectiles;

- anti-tank missiles ‘TOW-2’, ‘Milan’, ‘Shturm-S’;

- HEAT projectiles of 125-mm smoothbore tank guns (3BK-14, 3BK-18);

- AP projectiles of 120-mm smoothbore tank guns (CL-3069) and 125-mm (3BM-22, 3BM-26, 3BM-42).

ERA consists of front module and side skirts mounted on the tank hull as wells modular sections arranged along the perimeter of front and side sections of the turret and containers mounted on the turret roof.

Placed in special recesses ‘Nozh’ protection elements reliably operate under the action of all types of hollow-charge hitting means and AP projectiles.

ERA elements on the top frontal hull part, frontal turret sections provide the protection against minimum 3 hits of HEAT and AP projectiles on the part (front module or turret side) and against four hits of anti-tank air bombs - on the turret roof, against two hits of HEAT projectiles or three hits of AP projectiles - on the hull sides.

‘Nozh’ protection elements integrated in ERA do not detonate at the impact of 12.7-mm bullets, AP projectiles of up to 30 mm and projectile fragments, they are safe when handling.

When the dynamic protection is hit by the above bullets and projectiles as well the HEAT and HE projectile fragments, this results in explosive ignition without transition to detonation.

‘Nozh’ protection elements are stored in a container or in the tank in heated storehouses or outside under a shed on the ground protected from atmospheric precipitation and sun radiation, at a temperature from minus 50 °С to +55 °С. The relative air humidity is allowed to be 100% at a temperature of +35 °С.

‘Nozh’ protection elements are serviceable within 10 years, including storage under field conditions for minimum 5 years and operation in the tank for minimum 3 years when observing the operation, transportation and storage rules.

The tank ERA is brought in combat position within 2.5…2.6 hours without special facilities by the tank crew by arranging the elements of dynamic protection.

Mine protection

The mine protection provides saving the crew’s combat power and serviceability of the tank equipment when blasting the mines under the track with trinitrotoluol equivalent of 10 kg, and under the bottom (in the front compartment) the mines with that of 4 kg.

SPECIAL PROTECTIVE MEANS

Aerosol screen laying system

Mode of operation	Automatic, semiautomatic, manual
System reaction time in auto mode	Less than 0.5 sec
Coverage sector by four laser emitters:
In azimuth	360 degrees
In elevation	-5 ... +25 degrees
Qty of launchers	12
Grenade caliber	80 mm
Screen laying range	At least 50 m
Applicable grenade:
Time for laying the screen	Not more than 3 sec
Average area covered by one grenade	10×15 m
Effective screen duration time	60 sec

Collective protection system

The collective protection system provides protection of the crew and inner equipment from effect of destruction factors of nuclear explosion, radioactive, poison-gases and bacteriological agents as well as detection and suppressing of fire in crew and engine-transmission compartments.

NBC system

Radiation and chemical agents detector PRHR-M1

PRHR-М1 (RCAD) is designed for continuous check-up, detection, signalling and control using actuators of protection means :

- during intensive gamma- radiation (nuclear blast);

- during gamma-radiation on the contaminated terrain followed by measuring the doze of radiation ;

- during detection of poisonous vapors in the air as a result of enemy actions.

The instrument provides light and audible signals in case of detection poisonous agents in the air or gamma-radiation on the terrain as well as it generates commands for switching blower on and shifting over the valve of filtering ventilation unit (FVU) in the filtering position.

The instrument provides light and audible signals in case of detection powerful gamma radiation as well as commands for engine shutdown, shifting over the valve of FVU in the filtering ventilation mode, switching off the blower if it was on, followed by switching it on in 30 to 50 sec.

The instrument provides checking its electrical circuits by generation commands (or without command generation) to actuators.

Range of measuring power of gamma radiation exposure doze	0,2 to 150 r/h
Response time :
Powerful gamma radiation	0,1s not more
Gamma radiation of contaminated terrain	10
Detection the the air vapors of poisonous chemical agents (outside the object)	40s

Filter-ventilator unit (FVU)

The filter-ventilator unit serves to clean external air from poisonous substances, radiactive dust, biological aerosols, to supply cleaned air into the crew compartment and create overpressure in it, as well as to ventilate the crew compartment during firing and fire-fighting equipment comes into action.

Air consumption:
- via absorber filter	Not less than 100 m3/h
-by passing by the absorber filter	Not less than 390 m3/h

Filter-ventilator unit functions in 2 modes:

- Ventilation mode. In this case blower delivers the dust-free air to crew compartment passing by the absorber filter.

- Filtering and ventilation mode. In this mode the blower delivers the clean air to the crew compartment through the absorber filter.

Fire suppression system

The system with optical sensors and thermal sensors is designed for detection of fire sources in the crew compartment and power pack compartment and quick suppression, generation of commands for ventilation activation and removal thermal decomposition products from the crew compartment.

Methods of activation:
Automatically	Vehicle mains is on
Manually	Panel buttons of the driving compartment and power pack compartment
Response time:
Crew compartment по обитаемому отделению,	not more than 150 ms
Power pack	not more than 10 ms
Number of bottle use	2 times
Number of bottles with fire-extinguishing compounds	4pcs.

Fire suppression is exercised by filling the free space of the compartment with extinguishing compound where fire takes place.

For this article proposed are the bottles of 2 litre capacity filled with fire-extinguishing compound Chlalon 114B2 or other compound (as agreed) under pressure of 75 kgf/cm2. The bottles are equipped with high-acting heads and pressure alarms.

To provide article survivability the FFE system has two bottles for each compartment (crew compartment and power pack compartment).

Concealing protection means

Deforming paint is intended for decreasing visibility of a tank and distortion of its image.

Deforming paint used is of three colors. The main color is green, auxiliary color is yellow-gray and additional color is black. Desert color is also used for painting.

Clamps for natural concealment

Clamps for natural concealment are intended for fastening on the tank branches, grass and so on. There are 24 clamps in the tank set.

Heat protection

Heat protection is intended for decreasing range and probability of tank detection with heat reconnaissance apparatus and high-precision home warheads.

The heat protection consists of PP roof blowing channels and reflective screens. отражающих экранов.

Smoke screening equipment

Smoke screening equipment is intended for laying smoke screen with the diesel fuel.

Mode of action	Multiple
Continuous action time,	Not more than 10 minutes
Fuel consumption л/мин	10 to 12 l/min

SELF-DIGGING EQUIPMENT

Self-digging equipment is intended for digging out individual trenches. It is mounted on the lower nose plate of the tank hull.

Blade is designed for cutting the soil, its displacement, bracings for keeping the blade in operational state during soil cutting, guiding planks – for keeping bracings and for blocking the blade from rotation and the clamp serves for keeping the blade in the move.

Self-digging equipment can take two positions: in the move and in operation.

In the move, the blade is fastened with two clamps 6 to the lower plate of tank nose.

In operation position, the blade is lowered and when the tank moves forward, it cuts the soil by resting on the bracings. When tank moves backwards, the blade freely slips with its rear part along the soil surface without displacing the soil

INSTALLATION OF MINE CREEPER

The tank provides installation of track mine creeper (TMC) that allows to pave the way for tanks across mine fields.

To do that the tank hull is equipped special weldings. Driver's compartment provides place for connection to compressor and electrical systems of the tank for creeper control.

For assembly and maintenance of the creeper used is individual set of SPTA. This set makes it possible to carry out the said work by tank crew.

POWER PACK

Power pack is a complex of units and assemblies that includes the engine and its service system as follows: fuel system, air feed system, oil system, cooling system, exhaust and heating systems. Power pack is operational in the ambient temperatures from -40 °С to +55 °С.

Engine

Engine 6ТD-2 is a multifuel, 6-cylinder, double-stroke liquid cooling diesel.

Maximum diesel power by using diesel fuel	882 kW (1200 hp)
Max. torque of the diesel by using diesel fuel at rotational crankshaft speed of diesel (1600±10) rpm, N (kgf.m)	3135 (320)
Rotational speed of the crankshaft at max. power	2600 rpm
Specific fuel consumption in maximum power mode ,	211…231 (155…170)g/kW h
Mass of the dry engine	1180…1240 kg
Dimensions:
- length	1602 mm
- width	955mm
- height	581mm

The engine is adapted for automatic transmission control. Regulator is equipped the rack travel sensor of fuel pumps. Diesel has speed measuring device for recording the crankshaft rotational speed.

In electro-mechanical rotational speed governor used is a special mechanism restricting fuel delivery in the range of speeds from 800 to 2000 rpm. Due to that we provide reduction of optical density of exhaust gases at starting and free acceleration modes.

In this fuel apparatus used are nozzles with locking needle.

The engine consists of crankshaft mechanism, crank cases, cylinders, shifting over mechanism, compressor, gas turbine and hang-up assemblies: starter-generator, water pump, air compressor TK-150, regulator, fuel priming pump, fuel filters, high pressure fuel pumps, oil centrifugal filter, air distributor and other units.

Engine cylinder are arranged horizontally. Each cylinder has inlet ports and outlet ports. Inlet ports serve for blowing and filling the cylinders by air, outlet port provide exhaust gas withdrawal. Improved configuration of the inlet ports provides improvement of efficiency due to perfection of gas exchange process and mixture formation. Exhaust gases leaving the cylinders flow through the outlet collector to gas turbine.

Each cylinder holds two oppositely moving pistons. When they move to each other as close as possible formed is combustion chamber. Each piston is connected with its own crankshaft by the connecting rod. These pistons making their reciprocal motion open and close inlet and outlet ports and carry out the function of gas distribution mechanism. In these pistons used are the improved needle bearing of the upper head of the connecting rod and making it possible to increase maximum burning pressure, service life and reliability.

The compressor of inlet air provides improvement of the diesel parameter due to more efficient compression process attained by improved aerodynamics of flowing part.

Gas turbine converts the energy of exhaust gases into mechanical energy for driving the compressor.

The engine is mounted in the power pack compartment. Its installation does not require any adjustment. Axles of the engine crankshafts are arranged laterally to longitudinal tank axle.

The engine is fastened in three places. Two yokes fasten it in the rear part and pivoting bearing fastens it in the front.

Engine systems

Fuel system

The fuel system comprises the following: fuel tanks, surge tank, fuel distributing valve, external tank switch-off valve, fuel priming pumps, fuel filling filter, fuel pre-filter, fuel fine filter, centrifugal fuel pump, fuel filling pump with a valve, air separating tank, reverse valve, fuel gauges, pipe-lines.

Engine fuel is stored in the fuel tanks with a total capacity of 1,140 litres.

The following fuel is used: diesel fuel, jet engine fuel, petrol and mixtures of these type of fuel.

The system ensures supply of fuel to the engine from either of the fuel tank groups separately or from both of the fuel tank groups simultaneously.

The fuel system also ensures fuel supply to the auxiliary power unit, which is located on the right fender, by means of the pipe-lines going through the vehicle hull side.

Fuel can be replenished through the filling necks of the fuel tanks, as well as by using the filling pump.

Capacity of the internal fuel tanks	670 litres
Capacity of the external fuel tanks	470 litres
Capacity of the additional fuel drums	380 (190x2) litres

Air system

The air system of the engine is intended to remove dust from the air that comes into the engine. Air purification is performed in three stages with ejection-type removal of dust. The first stage of air purification is performed at a bunker provided with an inertia grid, while the second and third stages, at a two-stage cassette-type air cleaner.

The system consists of an air cleaner with a dust removal ejector, air intake bunker with a inertia grid and ejector that removes dust from the inertia grid.

The air cleaner is a two-stage device. The first stage ensures a preliminary removal of dust from air with the efficiency of 99.78 %. After going through the second stage of air purification, the air is purified with the efficiency of up to 99.85 %. The cassettes are the second stage of the air cleaner.

Engine lubrication system

Lubrication system is intended for oil arrangement in the battle tank, oil feed to the engine, refining and cooling of the used oil.

Engine lubrication system includes internal oil tank with intake filter; oil radiator; oil pump; priming pump; two exhaust pumps; centrifugal oil filter; oil-gauge, and pipelines.

Lubrication system – circulating, performed on the dry crank case principle.

105 litres oil tank is installed in the front part of engine compartment, between the partition and the engine. Oil intake for engine feed is performed from the middle compartment, which is filled with oil from other compartments.

The system is equipped with minimal oil pressure indicator.

Cooling system

Cooling system is liquid, high temperature system of closed type with forced circulation of coolant and ejection cooling of radiators, it is designed to provide thermal operation mode of the engine.

Coolant priming through the engine (at engine crankshafts rotation speed 2600-rpm) is not less than 38 m³/hour

Refilling capacity – 94 litres

Cooling system includes: ejector, engine water pump, radiators, surge tank, steam-admission valve, preheater with air-heater, engine inner chambers, cooling belts of gas duct joint, engine water dump valve, preheater water dump valve, and pipe lines.

Main engine cooling system is connected to the APU, which is located on the right fender and provides cooling for operating APU.

Water radiators provide heat abstraction from coolant, and installed in the ejector box of engine compartment roof.

The system is equipped with coolant max temperature indicator and coolant level indicator, which give signal, when the coolant reaches maximal temperature.

The effectiveness of cooling system is regulated with the amount of gases, passing the ejector.

Exhaust system

The system provides cooling outer airflow through radiators, using the energy of engine exhaust gases and exhaust gases release.

The system includes compensator; gas duct; adapter, weld to the right side of the engine compartment roof, together with by-pass gas duct, receiver with nozzle device and ejector setting.

To provide the cooling of the gas duct joint there are water sleeves with circulating coolant.

Heating system

Heating system is the part of cooling system and is used to warm up the engine and the oil before engine start, as well as for keeping the engine ready to start at cold seasons.

Warming up of the engine is performed with the help of warmed by preheater coolant. Exhaust gases of preheater warm oil in the engine oil tank.

Heating system includes preheater, engine oil tank flue tube and pipe lines.

Preheater is used for coolant warming and providing its circulation through the cooling system pipes at engine warming up, and oil warming by engine oil tank exhaust gases.

Engine starting system

Starting methods:
Main	By electrostarter from four storage batteries
Auxiliary	By compressed air from air bottles
Combined	Electrostarter from SB and compressed air simultaneously
From outer source	Electrical energy or compressed air of similar vehicle is used
Push starting	Used, when there is no chance to start the engine with all the above mentioned methods
Means to facilitate the starting	Preheated, inlet manifold heater, oil injection
Temperature for starting the cold diesel engine without means for prestarting heating:
on GALOL M-4042, M16IHP-3 oil	down to 5°C
on M8B₂C low-viscosity oil	down to minus 25 °C

TRANSMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM

The transmission control system is intended for the following:

- disconnection of the transmission from the engine (clutch);

- automatic gear shifting in the entire range of gears, including the multiple reverse speed mode and the mechanical (back-up) mode;

- steering of the tank in the automated (electro-hydraulic) mode and back-up (mechanical-and-hydraulic) mode, including skid turning and pivoting in the first forward and first reverse gear;

- mechanical-and-hydraulic switching-on of the multiple reverse speed mechanism (four higher speed reverse gears);

- interlock of the control mechanisms in case of wrong actions of the driver or in case of incomplete switching-on of the multiple reverse speed mechanism;

- built-in testing of the control system (equipment and actuating mechanisms);

- switching-on of the brakes in the right and left transmission in case of braking the vehicle on the move or for parking.

The design of the control system envisages two control modes: main mode (automated) and back-up mode (hydro-mechanical).

In the main automated mode, the system performs automated gear shifting in the entire range of gears (7 forward gears and 4 higher speed reverse gears), steering control, as well as built-in testing of the system components. The system's design envisages an electronic interlock of control commands in case of the driver's wrong actions during gear shifting (by using the control buttons) or switching-on of the multiple reverse speed mechanism.

In the back-up hydro-mechanical mode, the driver performs manual gear shifting in the entire range of gears and steering control. The system design envisages an electro-mechanical interlock of the gear shifting control devices and multiple reverse speed mechanism switching-on devices.

Reversible transmission

Reversible transmission is intended to increase the tank speed at forward motion and reverse movement. The enhanced gears of reverse movement provide when necessary quick change of position in combat conditions without tank turning.

Reversible transmission consists of two gear boxes with coaxially attached reversible final drives.

Planetary, with friction gear engagement. Provide 7 forward gears and 1 reverse gear.

Speed at following gears engaged

Forward planetary gear set is engaged		Reverse planetary gear set is engaged
Gear engaged	Speed (km/h)	Gear engaged	Speed (km/h)
1	8.4	З.Х 1	10.7
2	15.7	З.Х 2	19.8
3	19.8	З.Х 3	25.0
4	24.8	З.Х 4	31.3
5	34.2
6	47.2
7	69.3
З.Х	4.8

Reversible final gears consist of two planetary gear sets. Forward and reverse movement is engaged with tooth-type coupling.

Running gear

Running gear consists of track mover and cushion system.

Track mover with rear placement of drive sprockets consists of two idler wheels with track tensioning mechanisms, two sprocket wheels, two tracks, twelve road wheels, ten supporting wheels.

Cushion system consists of twelve personal torsion suspensions and six hydraulic telescopic shock-absorbers.

Track mover

Idler wheel – made of cast steel

Track tensioning mechanism – crank, with hour-glass worm pair

Diameter of idler wheel – 514 mm

Sprocket wheel consists of cast disc, two gear rings, attached with bolts and nuts, and restraining disc, that provides firm

gearing of track with sprocket wheel.

To provide firm gearing while moving along the marshland and alike road conditions, there is a sprocket wheel cleaner installed aboard the main battle tank.

Diameter of sprocket wheel gearing – 630 mm.

Road wheels – two discs with outer shock absorption made of high quality rubber, that allows tank to move on high speed for a long period of time. Discs of the road wheels are made of high-strength aluminium alloy, they are attached to the hub with the help of bolts, which allows to change them quickly when damaged.

Road wheel diameter – 670 mm

Width of road wheel tyre – 170 mm.

Rubber pad tracks includes parallel rubber-metal joint, rubberized running-track and removable rubber shoes; allows the tank to move on the asphalt road without damaging it. The removable rubber shoes are attached to the track grooves and locked with spring lock. Due to the customer requirements the SPTU can include steel grousers to enhance cohesion with the ground, when moving on ice or ground with low bearing capacity.

Number of tracks in the caterpillar – 80 pcs

Track step - 164 mm

Track width – 580 or 600 mm.

Supporting wheels – single-tyre, consist of rim with tyre made of high quality rubber, seals and fastening elements.

Supporting wheel outer diameter – 225 mm

Supporting wheel width – 125 mm

Cushion system

Torsion shafts – high quality, torsion strength – 14000 kgf/cm², provide full suspension movement of 410 mm. Torsion shafts are located from side to side, with mutual displacement 100 mm.

Shock absorbers – hydraulic, telescopic, double-acting, installed on first, second and sixth suspensions. Shock absorbers use sealing made of heat-resistant rubber, that provide firm sealing at temperature up to 220°С. Besides, there is a heat restraint installed in the shock absorber, which prevents the shock absorber from heating higher than 220°С

Working stroke – 225 mm

Piston diameter – 90 mm

Piston-rod diameter – 40- mm

Maximal direct stroke resistance – 15

DEEP FORDING EQUIPMENT

Deep fording equipment (DFE) provides for negotiating the water obstacle up to 1.8 m deep without special preparation of the tank («Brod» mode) and water obstacles up to 5 m after installation of special removable assemblies of DFE («PH» mode), as well as engaging in combat after negotiating the obstacle without any special works that require the crew to leave the tank. DFE set includes removable and stationary assemblies.

Removable assemblies include: air supply pipe, exhaust pipe with wire rope to disengage the lock, nose bilge pump valve, coax MG port sealing, gun muzzle end sealing, rope with caps for sealing the AIU intake valves of PRHR-M1, back-up communication system, input with signal lamp.

Air intake pipe is used for supply of air to the engine of the completely tight tank while moving under water.

Exhaust pipe is used for exhausting the fumes to atmosphere while moving under water at the depth of 5 m to exclude penetration of water into exhaust channel when the engine is shut off.

Nose bilge pump valve prevents the water from penetrating into the tank through the water discharge port with the inoperative pump.

Signal lamp is used to mark the place of the tank while moving through the water obstacle in night conditions.

The set of removable equipment is supplied to the tank in a separate box bearing the tank number.

In view of using the DFE while negotiating the water obstacles at the distance of not more than a day's range, the DFE removable equipment may be stowed on the tank.

VISION DEVICES

Day vision devices

Device TNPO-160

Type :	Prism with heating of inlet and outlet windows
Number:
Commander’s station	1 unit is installed and 1 unit is available in SPTA kit
Driver’s station	3 units are installed in shaft and 1 unit is available in SPTA kit
Magnification	1
Field of view:
in elevation	5 degrees
in azimuth	36 degrees
Angle of vision in azimuth	78 degrees
Periscopicity	160 mm

TNP-165A device

Type	Prism
Quantity (pcs)
At the commander’s	2 in the hatch cover
At the gunner’s	3 in the turret and 1 in SPTA kit
Magnification	1
Field of view:
in elevation	8 degrees
in azimuth	36 degrees
Angle of vision in azimuth	74 degrees
Periscopicity	165 mm

TVN-5M night driver’s device

Type	periscope, binocular with 2^nd generation opto-electronic intensifier
Quantity	1 pc
Magnification	1x
Field of view:
in elevation	30 degrees
in azimuth	40 degrees
Range of tank side view vision
In passive mode when NNI is 7·10 ^-3 lx, minimum	450 m
At illumination of 0.2 lx (moonlight), minimum	1000 m
In active mode when NNI is less than (3…5)· 10 ^-3 lx, minimum	150 m
Range of vision of straight road:
In passive mode when NNI is 7·10 ^-3 lx, minimum	300 m
In active mode when NNI is less than (3…5)· 10 ^-3 lx, minimum	150 m
Time of continuous operation	12 hr
Orientation device

Type	Directional gyro
Model	GPK-59

Hydraulic pneumatic cleaning of hull and turret vision devices
It is designed for cleaning of vision devices and protection glass from mud by fluid and from dust and snow – by air.

LIO-N NAVIGATION SYSTEM

The navigation support system (NSS) ensures the solution of the following tasks:

determination of own coordinates X, Y and the bearing grid angle a in the rectangular coordinate system using the SN-3700 radio-navigation equipment (RNE);
generation, transmission and receipt of commands with coordinates of destination points;
gathering of information about subordinates location;
input, storage and processing of route points (up to 50 pieces)and movement along the route, number of control points for each route up to 50.
formation, transmission and receiving of telecode (textual) messages via the radio channel;
indication at the driver's station of information of direction and value of angle of turn to the point of destination.

Accuracy (standard deviation) of the tank location coordinates determination when operating on the following systems signals:
GPS NAVSTAR	40 m
GLONASS	30 m
GPS NAVSTAR/ GLONASS	20 m
Quantity of routes being set	Up to 10
Quantity of control points for each route	Up to 50
Gathering of information about the subordinate tanks location, transmission of destination points coordinates and textual information is provided in the units up to the tank battalion level inclusive	Yes
Time of transmission and receipt of information in digital radio channel and range of communication	To be determined by specifications of standard means of communication
Accuracy of presenting the current time (with allowance for the correction for the zone time)	1 s
Time of readiness for operation, max
under the "cold" start	180 s
under the "hot" start	15 s
Built-in control system	Yes

1KPI commander's information panel is designed for input by means of key-boards into the system of initial settings, codes, commands, requests, destination and control points coordinates, as well as telecode messages that are generated from the Russian language symbols or Latin alphabet and digital symbols on the display of alphabet-digital and graphic information, received or input from outside through the radio station or from navigation equipment. It is also used to set the status of the tank – the commander of the respective level (up to the battalion commander) or subordinate (linear) of the respective unit.

1KBI-N information unit provides for:

- reading of input data and commands from 1KPI panel keyboard and its processing;

- exchange of information ans commands with NSS and radio station;

- processing of information received from NSS and radio station;

- solution of tasks of:

o computing the current coordinates and directional angle;

o receipt and transmission of commands with coordinates of point of destination;

o gathering of information on location of subordinates;

o input, storage and operation of route points;

o receipt and transmission of telecode messages;

o indication of angle of turn to the driver;

- controlling the indicator (screen) of 1KPI panel (indication of information and command messages).

1KVI panel is designed for providing the information for the driver about the value and direction of the tank angle of turn to the point of destination.

SN-3700 radio-navigation equipment provides for continuous monitoring of the tank coordinates, its route (only on move) and time according to radio signals of navigation space craft of GLONASS and GPS NAVSTAR via open codes at any point of the globe at any point of time and any meteo conditions.

Notes:

1. The data on the own tank position, subordinate tanks, points of destination and route points are displayed on the screen of 1KPI in text of graphic format (at the discretion of the commander).

2. UHF radio stations are used in NSS for exchange of commands, navigation and telecode information via digital radio channel.

General ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT elements

Type of scheme	DC, single line (for emergency lightening – two line)
Mains voltage	22.5 – 28.5 V
Mains protection system	Automatic circuit breakers and fuses
Storage batteries
Type	Lead-acid battery
Model	12SТ-85
Quantity	4
Electric capacity of one battery	85 A-hr
Total electric capacity of batteries	340 A-hr
Rated voltage of a battery	24 V
DC starter-generator
Model	SG-18-1S
Starter mode:
- Rated power, no less than	20.5 kW
Generator mode:
- voltage	26.5 – 28.5 V
- current strength at the engine shafts rotation frequency of 1600 rpm	630±20 A
- rated power	18 kW
Generator regulator
Model	RN505М1
Rotary junction box
Model	VKU-1
Illumination and road signaling devices
Illumination headlight (quantity, model):
- headlight with extension	1, FG-127
- headlight without extension	2, FG-126
- headlight for ТVN-5 device	1, FG-125
- fender lights	5, GST064

SIGNAL EQUIPMENT

The MBT OPLOT shall be delivered with standard signal equipment subject to be additionally specified by the Customer.

OPTIONS

The Supplier remains at Customer’s entire disposal for any suggestions concerning additional equipment which the latter considers necessary for improving the operational features of the OPLOT–120 MBT.

Specification and photos are not contractual and are subject to verification upon inspection

PLEASE BE ADVISED THAT INFORMATION INCLUDED IS CONFIDENTIAL IN NATURE AND IS BASED ON PRE-EXISTING BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE LEGAL OWNER OF PROPERTY DESCRIBED HEREIN (IF APPLICABLE). AS SUCH, UPON RECEIPT OF SAID INFORMATION THE RECEIVER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT ANY UNAUTHORIZED CONTACT WITH SAID LEGAL SELLER WILL BE CHARACTERIZED AS A BREACH OF CONFIDENTIALITY AND SAID AGREEMENT MAY BE ENFORCED UNDER EXISTING LAW OR IN EQUITY.

This paper was prepared by General Equipment Corp.
The paper represents an offer of a partner of General Equipment Corp.
All rights are reserved by and for General Equipment Corp..
All content and ideas of this paper are the property of General Equipment Corp.

TYPE:	MBT
DESCRIPTION:	Oplot 120mm Main Battle Tank
PRICE:	Upon Request
PACKING:	Ex-Works

GENERAL EQUIPMENT INC.

Guided round

Type of warhead

Fire suppression system

Reverse planetary gear set is engaged

VISION DEVICES